His effulgence lit up the entire assembly due to which all the assembled personalities appeared insignificant.
After taking a cleansing bath in the lake, the spirits dressed her and anointed her with perfumes and flowers. As it turned out, Buddha didnt sit beneath just any tree. She is a form of Adi Shakti and is considered the goddess of divine power. New information:Following the request of the Bureau at its twenty-third session, a World Heritage Centre staff undertook a mission in October 1999 for consultations with the relevant Nepalese authorities concerning the conservation and presentation of the Maya Devi Temple archaeological remains within the Lumbini World Heritage site. This makes Maya Devi Temple accessible to people traveling to Haridwar by train. The inner shrine consists of murtis (icons) of goddesses Maya in the centre, Kali on the left, Kamakhya on the right. There are three prayer halls the most impressive is topped by a corncob, At the time of research, the government of South Korea was finishing up this massive temple. The Chairperson, in his personal capacity stated that this spirit of collaboration and solidarity expressed by Greece in favour of Turkey was a demonstration of the spirit of the World Heritage Convention.
Lumbini Development Trust- Birthplace of Buddha, Historical Place of [1] [2] The inner shrine of the temple consists of the Maya Devi idol along with the idols of goddess kali and goddess Kamakhya. She is a three-headed and four-armed deity who is believed to be an incarnation of Shakti. Next to this temple is a sacred pool where Maya Devi is said to have bathed before the birth. ** :
The ancient Maya Devi temple was built during the visit of emperor Ashoka in Lumbini around 249 BC using burnt bricks to safeguard the marker stone and nativity sculpture The radiocarbon dating of the posthole alignments from the surrounding soils have indicated that the sacred space was first delineated within the Maya Devi temple in the 6th . They arranged for Sati Devi to be seated on a bull and gave her the bird which was her pet. [3], The temple dates back to the eleventh century. The ancient Maya Devi temple was built during the visit of emperor Ashoka in Lumbini around 249 BC using burnt bricks to safeguard the marker stone and nativity sculpture [7] The radiocarbon dating of the posthole alignments from the surrounding soils have indicated that the sacred space was first delineated within the Maya Devi temple in the 6th century BCE. Definitely worth the cost. It is one of the three ancient temples of Haridwar which are still intact, the other two being Narayana-shila and Bhairava Temple. Daksha insulted Lord Shiva very badly that some members of the assembly requested him not to do so. It is temporarily protected with a corrugated roof at the present time. The earliest Buddhist shrine: excavating the birthplace of the Buddha, Lumbini (Nepal). This grand yet tasteful chrten (Tibetan reliquary stupa) was constructed by Buddhists from Manang in northern Nepal, but needs some work. The Ashokan pillar has an inscription which is the oldest in Nepal waserectedby Emperor Ashoka (249 BC) who visited the park. She was the Queen of uddhodana, the king of the Shakya kingdom.She was sister of Mahpajpat Gotam, the first Buddhist nun ordained by the Buddha. You can be in touch with our website for new blogs. Get my full guidebook to Pokhara! Travel Blog journals are not always live as they happen. And still I wonder why I paid 20 rupees for a camera that you cant use inside any of the temples! Having seen some websites out there from other tourists I take it I was not the first to take photos inside. There are seven mokshapuris namely Ayodhya, Mathura, Maya, Kashi, Kanchi, Avantika and Dwarka, out of which Mayapuri is Haridwar. Getting tired of it I questioned him in English after a Nepalese greeting. The content in this article has been adapted from the Srimad Bhagavatam by HDG A.C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Directly beneath this is a marker stone encased within bulletproof glass, which pinpoints the spot where the Buddha was born. Theres aseparateticket inspection booth and entrance into the Maya Devi temple area than the rest ofLumbinis temple complex. In view of the extremely harsh natural environment of the Lumbini site and the potential impact any construction on or in the proximity of the fragile archaeological remains could have, the mission underlined that the organization of technical expert consultations to discuss the most appropriate conservation and presentation methodology was recommended by the Bureau and ICOMOS. World Heritage partnerships for conservation. She wasnt welcomed by anyone in the assembly due to the fear of Daksha except for her mother and sisters who spoke to her pleasingly. Some more excavations are occurring al the time and the history is pretty incredible. [3] As per the Buddhist legends, Maya had a dream of white elephant with a lotus on its trunk entering her right side during her pregnancy. Sorry if thats disappointing. Please take that into account. Improve this listing Tours & experiences Explore different ways to experience this place. [1] A sixth-century BCE timber shrine was discovered in 2013.[2]. The Maya Devi Temple is located at the farthest end of the Lumbini site, a 2.5km walk from the bus park. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. Well its complicated. The pond, therefore, is not just religiously significant but has great historical importance too. If youd like to learn more about Maya Devi, Buddha and the temple complex then check out my guide to the history of Lumbini. If you miss out on all the other temples in Lumbini be sure not to miss out on this one! That and the fact that some of temples are new and the rules are not completely enforced. The temple is built using North Indian architecture. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997, the Maya Devi Temple is a protected space surrounded only by temples; its forbidden to build hotels, shops or other businesses in the nearby area. The focal point for pilgrims is a sandstone carving of the birth of the Buddha, reputedly left here by the Malla king, Ripu Malla, in the 14th century, when Maya Devi was worshipped as an incarnation of the Hindu mother goddess. The Observer of Turkey thanked the Bureau for the sympathies expressed for the victims of the earthquake this year. The Delegate of Greece called upon the Committee to provide support to Turkey in the rehabilitation of the earthquake damage. Mayadevi Temple and ruins of ancient monasteries in Lumbini. It is one the Sakthi Peetas in Haridwar, the other two are Manasa Devi and Chandi Devi Temple. The present Maya Devi Temple was built in 2003 by the Lumbini Development Trust. There are also two other goddesses who are also forms of Shakti, present in the inner shrine.
Our Inspiration: Maya Devi's Story I imagine if Id asked I would have been told very old. As it turned out, Buddha didnt sit beneath just any tree. The temple is built around a sacred pool and it has a stone sculpture of Maya Devi . Thank You, and Hardik NAMASKAR.
Lumbini, Birthplace of Lord Buddha Compare quotes from upto 3 travel agents for free, History of Lumbini: The Birthplace of Lord Buddha, (100% phone and email verified leads for holiday package). He informed the Committee that HMG of Nepal would be grateful to receive expert suggestions from UNESCO concerning the draft conceptual design for the Maya Devi Temple conservation work, as such advice would be a guideline for elaborating the details of the design under preparation. Meanwhile heres a short synopsis. Sati Devi observed all the denizens of the universe going in grandeur to attend the sacrifice and so spoke to her husband Lord Shiva in great anxiety telling him about her desire to see her relatives especially her mother and sisters. The temple dates back to the eleventh century. Mindfulness meditation, which directly comes from Buddhism, consists in paying attention to an object in order to experience both calm and awareness. Devotees of goddess Devi flock to the temple during the holy fairs and festivals of Navratri and Kumbh Mela in Haridwar. The Observer said that a detailed report would be submitted to the Committee through the Secretariat as soon as it is completed. The Buddhist legends mention that Queen Mayadevi was on her way to her father's Koliya kingdom when she stopped near the garden of Lumbini to rest under a Sal tree and then went into labour, giving birth to Gautama Buddha. Additional content has been taken from the temple history published by the temple authorities.
Maya Devi Temple - History and Facts It is peaceful in this section of Lumbini. We endeavor to offer you the best deals in the travel industry. People can hire a taxi or a cab service up to the temple from the airport. The newborn Buddha also reputedly had his purification bath in this pool.
Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini Moreover, the Committee recommends the State Party to invite UNESCO and ICOMOS to participate in an advisory capacity in a steering committee for the Maya Devi Temple project foreseen to be implemented under the Lumbini Development Trust Japan Buddhist Federation agreement. Seeing the condition, Lord Vishnu sent His Sudarshana Chakra to cut Sati Devis body into various pieces. The Sokkuram Grotto and Pulguksa Temple (Republic of Korea), Alhambra, Generalife and Albaycin, Grenada (Spain). The mound of the original temple was excavated further by Sir Kaiser Shumsher, reconstructing the temple in 1939. Several state transport and private buses connect Haridwar with these places.
Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar Nowadays, in mindfulness meditation, one will still focus on an object, be it a candle or the breath, while noticing any thoughts or sensations. JBF informed the World Heritage Centre that it wishes to proceed with its restoration proposal (already submitted to the Lumbini Development Trust), only after examining the proposal with the national authorities concerned and international experts recommended by UNESCO. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. This type of breathing has been found to have a significant effect on our mental state, leading to intense feelings of calm and openness. Around Kathmandu city center: Kathmandu city Thamel Things to do in Kathmandu Archery lessons Wall climbing Garden of Dreams Everest Mountain flights Kathmandu Durbar Square Basantapur Tower Gaddi Baihak Kumari Ghar Trailokya Mohan Kasthamandap House of Spells Ashok Binayak / Maru Ganesh Taleju Temple Freak Street Lazimpat List of temples destroyed in the earthquake Heritage Walks old city: Kathmandu Heritage Walks Thamel Heritage walk Thahiti Chowk Ason Chowk Jana Bahal / Seto Machchhendranath Indra Chowk Itum Bahal Just outside the city center: Boudhanath stupa Ajima/Hariti Shrine Tamang Monastery Swayambhunath (monkey temple) Pashupatinath Kirtipur Gorkana How to get to Gorkana, Hotels & restaurants in Kathmandu: Accommodation in Kathmandu Restaurants in Kathmandu, The Kathmandu Valley: Guide to Kathmandu Valley Day trips around Kathmandu Guide to Budhanilkantha Guide to Panauti How to get to Panauti Guide to Thimi How to get to Thimi Guide to Dhulikhel Guide to Nagarkot, Central Nepal: Guide to Nuwakot Guide to Bandipur Guide to Riepe Village Manakamana Temple Gorkha Durbar, Full guide: Guide to Patan Central Patan Patan Durbar Square South Patan Mahaboudha Temple Uku Bahal Machchhendranath temple North Patan The Golden Temple Kumbeshwar Temple Complex West Patan The Kumari Living Goddess. The exact spot where Sati Devi burnt her body is today called as the Mayadevi Mandir in Haridwar. 447 reviews #1 of 13 things to do in Lumbini Religious Sites Write a review About A holy place for every Buddhist, Lumbini and the ancient ruins are associated with the birthplace of Buddha. It is located at a distance of just 600 meters from the Haridwar railway station. Location & How to Reach Maya Devi Temple. Required fields are marked *. presentation of the Maya Devi Temple in order to initiate alternative draft conceptual designs based on the following criteria: 1. Nepal Map Inside the Maya Devi Temple are other ancient ruins, including sandstone sculptures carved with scenes from the Buddha's birth. No Buddha was Born in Nepal.It is at true fact no matter what some idians say. This thorough travel guide will help your visit here too. Except during pilgrimages! With the goal of achieving a sense of deepening calm or a release of the mind, Buddha set out to recreate the feelings of calm contentedness he had sitting under the rose apple tree. In 2013, an international team of archaeologists digging underneath the temple found remains of an ancient tree shrine dated before 550 BC. Read our Privacy Policy. The Bureau examined the report of the Secretariat concerning the proposal to organize an international technical meeting to ensure that the proposed project for the conservation, restoration and presentation of the Maya Devi Temple within the archaeological zone of the World Heritage site, which was prepared by the Japan Buddhist Federation and submitted by the Lumbini Development Trust conforms to international standards.
Mayadevi Temple - The origin of Shakti Peethas Theres a small area looking down into dug out area where itsallegedBuddha was born. If you have met me en route, please don't take offense if your name is not mentioned in my travel blog/journal. This is older temple was probably built over a Ashokan stupa. Hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards. The tension between Lord Shiva and His father-in-law Daksha continued for a long time. Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e.
Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar (Hindi: , ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Maya in the holy city of Haridwar of Uttarakhand state in India. The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property. To ensure that the authenticity and sustainable conservation of this fragile site is maintained, the Observer stated that his Government would avail of the generous offer of the Committee to provide technical expertise under the World Heritage Fund. Visitors flock to the site to meditate from the early hours of the morning through the evening. [5] The Buddha was born in 623 BC in Lumbini which was later testified by emperor Ashoka with a Pli inscription on a pillar, known as Ashoka pillar, marking his homage to the spot of Buddha's birth. The temple is extremely old yet functionable. This is the place from where Lord Shiva lifted the body of Sati Devi after she burnt herself in a yogic fire generated from her body. She felt herself being carried away by four spirits to Lake Anotatta in the Himalayas. Mansik Yatra Book Yatra Yearly Yatra Calendar Mayadevi temple is the source of all the shakti peetha temples rather the foremost among all the Shakti Peetha temples. The Committee was informed that the impact report of the second earthquake (in November 1999) on World Heritage sites had not been received by the Ministry of Culture of Turkey from its regional offices. The Committee welcomes the assurances provided by His Majestys Government of Nepal to report on the proposed activities under consideration and of the concrete foundation laid on-site, as well as of the results of the excavations carried out by Lumbini Development Trust and the Japan Buddhist Federation. The Observer thanked the UNESCO World Heritage Centre for having mobilized international support for the conservation of Istanbul's urban heritage, and in this regard, expressed particular appreciation for the financial support extended by the European Commission and the Government of France. The Incredible Story of William J. Bankes - Adventurer, Collector, Spy, A Tudor Discovery Thomas Cromwells Prayer Book, The Lost Sailors - Solving a World War II Mystery, 10 Facts About the Battle of Normandy Following D-Day, The Lofoten Islands: Inside the Worlds Biggest Viking House. Full resolution photographs are available for sales, prints or for free depending on intended usage. Located right in front of the Maya Devi Temple in Lumbini, Maya Devi Pond is a square-shaped structure with steps all around to ascend to the water level. In addition to Buddhist monastery ruins, the main attractions are the third century BC Ashoka's Pillar, the Maya Devi Temple on the site of Buddha's birth and the museum. The authorities however informed the Centre of their intention to submit a technical co-operation request, prepared with the Centres support to finance the international technical meeting, only after an agreement is reached between the LDT and the JBF, since the latter is to finance the Maya Devi Temple conservation and presentation plan. In the sacred garden adjoining the temple you can visit the Ashokan Pillar, denoting the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism.
Maya Devi Temple Pictures, Images and Stock Photos But yes its annoying to pay for a camera fee and not be able to use a camera. Get the most out of the Jungle: Download my Guidebook to Bardia! We are more than happy to help you, kindly call or email us and we will assist you with best of our services. Revisiting Cleopatra: Screen Portrayals of the Iconic Pharaoh, The Real Story Behind In Cold Blood: Truman Capotes True Crime Masterpiece, The Life and Times of Truman Capote: 10 Facts About the Literary Icon, Fanny Mendelssohn: A Musical Prodigy and Forgotten Legacy, 10 Key Inventions and Innovations of Ancient Greece. The average Bodhi tree lives between 900 and 1,500 years. Everyone was in the wrong in the birthplace of Buddha. Suggest edits to improve what we show. Also a small security search but nothing too forceful. Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar ( Hindi: , ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Maya in the holy city of Haridwar of Uttarakhand state in India. Bus service is available at frequent basis and fares are also economical. Holidify Travels Pvt Ltd.- All Right Reserved, Entry Fee : Citizens of SAARC Countries: NPR 100Other Foreign Nationals: NPR 200. Great place to be in. By Flight The nearest airport is the Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun located at a distance of thirty-five kilometers. A grand temple now takes the location where Buddha was born, and the Maya Devi pond is located right in front of the shrine. October 1999: World Heritage Centre mission. Dressed in saffron garments, she purified herself with water and sat in yogic meditation. One time, when Daksh Prajapati had organized a Yagya, he had invited all the deities except Lord Shiva. Here are some travel tips to help you out: This is everything you need to know about the iconic, holy Maya Devi Temple in Haridwar. There's a. * :
With the goal of achieving a sense of deepening calm or a release of the mind,. . There are plans to raise a grand monument on the site, but for now a sturdy brick pavilion protects the temple ruins. And as the surroundings were basically mud bricks I started to take some photos without flash. . Today the Bodhi tree beside the Maya Devi temple is highly regarded and decorated with many colorful prayer flags. History: History of Lumbini Ashokan Pillar in Lumbini. In the course of meditation, she generated a fire from within her body which consumed her body in a blaze. Buddha noticed how his feelings and sensations changed together with the ebb and flow of his consciousness. Did you feel something special like serenity or bliss, maybe?
These ruins are believed to be the remains of ancient temples and stupas protected with brick pavilions. This data will only be used by our team to contact you. Later, Keshar Shumsher excavated the mound of early Mayadevi Temple and reconstructed it in 1939. Buddha believed he could find freedom and peace in an imperfect world. So, its legendary history goes long back to the eleventh century. In view of the growing number of visitors and the religious significance of this pilgrimage site, both the Lumbini Development Trust and JBF wish to adequately protect and present the Maya Devi Temple site as a matter of urgency. However myrickshawdriver accompanied me inside and insisted I could take photographs as Id purchased a 20 rps camera ticket at the entrance back at the main park. Make the most out of your journey: Get my full guidebook to Patan! Is it like that all year?
Maya Devi Temple Haridwar - History, Timings, Darshan, Pooja, Booking Why Did the Allies Invade the South of Italy in 1943? Regarding the site conservation plan being discussed between the LDT and the JBF, the Secretariat was assured that the concept paper with the designs and drawings would be transmitted to the World Heritage Committee together with the report of the findings of the excavations conducted by the Lumbini Development Trust and the Japan Buddhist Federation when reports were completed. Today, the Maya Devi Temple is undoubtedly one of the most revered sites in Buddhism, and therefore a popular site of pilgrimage. Those still in their native habitats are said to thrive for more than 3,000 years. She was unable to restrain herself from going to the sacrificial arena and hence set off to the venue. I feel very much sorry that my body, which is just like a bag, has been produced by you. Declaration of principles to promote international solidarity and cooperation to preserve World Heritage, Heritage Solutions for Sustainable Futures, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Central Africa World Heritage Forest Initiative (CAWHFI), Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage Programme for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, WHC Mission Report; Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha; October 1999. The inner shrine consists of murtis (icons) of goddesses Maya in the centre, Kali on the left, Kamakhya on the right. However, the request has not been officially submitted to date. Goddess Maya is known for bestowing goodwill and positive wishes in the life of her devotees. Along with myrickshawdriver I walked to the simple side entrance of the Mayan Devi temple to enter. In the adjoining sacred garden youll find the pillar of Ashoka, ancient ruins of stupas, and maroon- and saffron-robed monks congregating under a sprawling Bodhi (pipal) tree decorated with prayer flags. The modern city of Haridwar comprises of five Vedic and ancient cities Haridwar, Kankhal, Bhimgoda, Jwalapur and Mayapuri. You might find this Travel Blog a little different to most. Dotted around the grounds are the ruined foundations of a number of brick stupas and monasteries dating from the 2nd century BC to the 9th century AD. A full length RSS feed is available to all, BUT I'd really recommend my free email subscription instead! The temple is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the region, as it is believed to be the birthplace of Lord Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. See options All photos (604) When Daksha entered the assembly, everyone stood up to offer their respects except for Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva. The temple dates back to the eleventh century. Here's our pick of 5 of the best worth visiting. Maya was the princess of Koliya kingdom and the queen of uddhodana, king of Kapilavastu. Moving closer to the area where Buddha was born it all kicked off as one man lost the plot and started shouting over in Nepalese. All around it are the archeological remains of monasteries and temples built by Ashoka The Great in the 3rd Century BC. Seeing that her husband has been insulted, she got furious and left the place deciding to end her life. This is after all one of the most important religious sites in the world. Also known as Puskarini, this is where Gautama Buddha's mother - Maya Devi - used to bathe. [6], Maya Devi temple houses the marker stone and the nativity sculpture related to the birth of Gautama Buddha. Take advantage of the search to browse through the World Heritage Centre information. Like to know more? The Bureau, having examined the report of the Secretariat and the comments of the Observer of HMG of Nepal and ICOMOS, noted the fragility of this important pilgrimage site. Maya had a ten month pregnancy and returned to her home for the birth. As she went on talking in the same manner she said the following , Therefore, I shall no longer bear this unworthy body, which has been received from you, who have blasphemed Lord Siva. Hardly there are visitors in this temple. The Bureau, having examined the report of the Secretariat, and having noted the fragility of this important pilgrimage site, recommends the authorities of Nepal to make the necessary arrangements to organize an international technical meeting to examine the proposal for the conservation, restoration and presentation of the Maya Devi Temple. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Maya. Many indian dealers have claimed that Buddha was born in India,just because Lumbini lies near the border.I myself as Buddist believe that Buddha is truly from Nepal and not India. Your email address will not be published. Outside things get a little more interesting again.
'Earliest shrine' uncovered at Buddha's birthplace [3] Maya's sister and Buddha's foster-mother, Mahapajapati Gotami, later became the first woman to be ordained as a Buddhist nun by Gautama Buddha and is seen as an inspirational and instrumental figure in the creation of a female order within Buddhism. We find the following statement in the Garuda Purana: ayodhya mathura maya kashi kanchi avantika Sadly the man never bothered speaking to me and just continued toberatetherickshawdriver. Of these five cities, Mayapuri is the ancient most and offers liberation. [9], The marker stone of the temple marks the location where the Buddha was born and the nativity sculpture showcases the birth scene of Gautama Buddha where queen Maya is depicted holding a branch of Sal tree during delivery, supported by her sister, Mahapajapati Gotami. One time, when Daksh Prajapati had organized a Yagya, he had invited all the deities except Lord Shiva. Which are those four? [9] [10] The excavated shrines have been dated as the earliest Buddhist shrines in South Asia, and in addition, older remains of the village dating back to 1300 BC have been discovered a few hundred meters south of the temple. After offering respects to Lord Brahma, Daksha sat down. 101 Likes, TikTok video from Bodhi_Homes (@bodhihomes_official): "Magical MAYA DEVI TEMPLE in Lumbini where Gautam Buddha was Born. And, when I do get online it's not all about writing here. There are drawings depicting his birth inside.
Magical MAYA DEVI TEMPLE in Lumbini where Gautam Buddha was We never post anything without your permission.
Maya Devi Temple On the way there she stopped by aSal tree (note: not a Bodhi tree as many mistake it as)inthe beautiful flower garden ofLumbiniPark. List of temples destroyed in the earthquake, Guide to taking an elephant safari in Chitwan, Jungle treks & jungle activities in Bardia, 7 days or less travel itinerary for Nepal, Permits / entry fees for trekking & national parks, WiFi, mobile internet & sim cards in Nepal. If it happens here, then I will have to take the journal/blog off public viewing. Very few lucky ones get a chance to visit these. Inside the temple it was more of a curiosity than anything else the way its all laid out. His mother, Maya Devi, was a Koliyan princess married to Suddhodana. In terms of grace and purity. It is directly linked with cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Dehradun, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Patna, Gaya, Varanasi, Bhubaneswar, Puri and Kochi by a good number of express trains. As mentioned it started off as a personal journal and will hopefully continue on like that. Date of experience: January 2013 It is one of three such Peethas located in Haridwar, the other two being Chandi Devi Temple and Mansa Devi Temple. This is the place from where Lord Shiva lifted the body of Sati Devi after she burnt herself in a yogic fire generated from her body. The temple also holds a metal idol of Chamunda and a sub shrine to the Sheetala Devi. My email subscription gives you a whole lot more: my photo book, back-story details not published here. Read How to Reach guide for Haridwar. People paid no attention. Seeing the curse and counter curse going on, Lord Shiva became morose and left the assembly for his residence at Kailash. When Lord Shivas disciples saw Sati Devi leaving Kailash to her father Dakshas place, they all followed her in the thousands headed by Lord Shivas carrier bull Nandi and accompanied by the Yakshas.
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