Today, royalty as a theme figures prominently in some Korean dramas and movies.Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897) and Korean Empire (1897-1910)The ruling house of Joseon (Chosun) is the Jeonju Lee clan (the transliteration Lee is often written alternatively as Ri, Rhee or Yi), which has several lineages. All rights reserved. Sunjong elevated to the throne after his predecessor, Gojong, was forced to abdicate by the Japanese Empire. The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea for 519 years. All of his descendants are members of the Jeonju Yi clan . He is the eldest son of Yi Wu, who inherited the title "Prince Heung" with the fourth head of Unhyeongung and his wife, Princess Chanju, a granddaughter of marquess Park Yeonghyo, who was a son-in-law of Cheoljong of Joseon. Founded in 1392, the Joseon dynasty ruled for five centuries and has left a notable legacy within modern Korea, including much of modern Korean culture, etiquette, norms and societal attitudes towards current issues. Thus the lineage of Crown Prince Yi Un is now extinct.The second eldest son of Gojong, who'd been bypassed for the succession because of his independent political views, was Yi Kang. Updates? List of Rulers of Korea The title most often utilized for Korean rulers is king and not emperor. http://books.google.com/books?id=h9-DOFiUI5oC&pg=PA37, http://books.google.com/books?id=p3yW5MdzKnUC&pg=PA190, "SKorea regains old embassy in US, snipes at Japan", http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=848812&publicationSubCategoryId=200, House of Habsburg (incl. Descendants of the Sun | Korea | Drama | Watch with English Subtitles But there is no clear evidence to show that the princess even actually existed. Lunchtime Love: Midday Date Ideas From Lunch to Strolls. Lasting over five hundred years, it continues to play a part in Korean culture today; and the time period is often portrayed in dramas, movies, and plays. They had 10 sons and both lived to be over a 150 years old. By the reigns of King Yngjo (172476) and King Chngjo (17761800), the country had largely recovered from the destruction of the wars. [9][10] As a result, many unrelated descent groups changed their affiliation to those descended from Jizi, with the result that groups such as the Jindo Han clan or the Jinan Han clan vanished. Japan delegates obstructed the King's representatives and managed to prevent them from attending the Convention. 125 cadet branches (approximately 105 extant) including: Prince Gu, Prince Imperial Hoeun (19702005). 105 Play trailer 0:31 2 Videos 99+ Photos Fantasy Mystery Romance A modern-day Korean emperor passes through a mysterious portal and into a parallel world, where he encounters a feisty police detective. The Joseon dynasty came to an end with the signing of the Japan-Korean Treaty of 1910. Amy Yi, a granddaughter of Gojong, migrated to the United States in 1956 and worked for 27 years as a librarian at Columbia University in New York City. The order was established by the emperor's orders in 1907. King Gojong (1852-1919) and Min Jayoung (1851-1895) were married in 1866 when he was 14 years old and she was 15. Born in 1852, King Gojong died in 1919. BTS, K-pop kings and descendants of Korean royalty? Committed suicide after a huge defeat after a battle with the Xianbei. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China, Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. , Record of three kingdoms,, Tamna Sovereigns and governors of Tamna, List of Japanese residents-general of Korea, List of Japanese governors-general of Korea, Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, https://web.archive.org/web/20031006023320/http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchs_of_Korea&oldid=1159096592, Varies according to dynasty, most recently. Korean opposition to Japanese dominance grew, and in 1895 Japanese agents assassinated Queen Min, who was suspected of encouraging the resistance. Sunjong had several consorts, but no children. Get ideas for daytime dates you'll both love. After his death, he was granted the posthumous title "Prince Imperial Hoeun of Korea" by the Yi Family Council. [2] The records of the Goryeo dynasty make no link between Cheongju Han individuals and Jizi, despite the fact that the official veneration of Jizi as a culture hero was patronized by the state. It sounds impossible that the future King of the Imperial Royal Korean family would grow up not knowing about his own genealogy and royal name. He was deposed in 1910 by the Japanese when they annexed Korea. In the 19th century tensions mounted between China and Japan, culminating in the First Sino-Japanese War. Sunjong, the Yunghui Emperor (Korean:; Hanja:; RR:Yunghuije; MR:Yunghije; 25 March 1874 24 April 1926), [a][1][2] was the second and the last Emperor of Korea, of the Yi dynasty, ruling from 1907 until 1910. It comprised 34 kings in 17 generations. He worked as a college professor of history. Yi Seok, another son of Prince Ui, leads independent imperial restorationist organization and recognized as an heir. Kim Jong Il Owing to the miasma of his father's cult of personality, few hard facts are known about the life of Kim Jong Il, who ruled as "dear leader" from July 8, 1994 until Dec 17, 2011. Yi Won, a first cousin and the son of the 9th son of Prince Ui, has posthumously adopted as son of Gu by the house members' decision, thus regarded as de facto head of the house. Home | Korean Diaspora It was ruled by the same royal line throughout its existence, and its influence in the peninsula at one time was considerable, and also extended to Japan. In 1895, Queen Min was assassinated, and King Gojong sought the protection and refuge at the Russian Legation through his friend, Karl Ivanovich Weber, who was the Russian consul stationed in Seoul, Korea. On 10 July 2005, Yi Ku named Yi Won to be his heir. In a complicated series of manoeuvres and counter-manoeuvres, Japan pushed back the Russian fleet in 1905 (see Russo-Japanese War). In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Gim families. In retaliation, the representatives held a press conference and delivered a stark warning to the United States about Japan's ambitions to take over Asia. My Abeoji, Song Yung Sik, was riddled with sorrow for his eldest son was no longer. I have addresses and three half sisters. Yi Seong-gye moved the capital to Hanyang (now Seoul), and allied himself with a group of reform-minded Confucian scholars, who reorganized Korean society using the teachings of Confucius as their guiding principles. In 2009 several dozen royal tombs of the Chosn dynastyincluding those of Kings Taejo and Kojonglocated in the area around Seoul were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. In 1882, he married a daughter of the Yeoheung Min clan, who later became Empress Sunmyeonghyo (Korean:; Hanja:). Ironically, Syngman Rhee himself was a 16th-generation descendant of Taejong of Joseon. Drama: Descendants of the Sun (English & literal title) Revised romanization: Taeyangui Hooye Hangul: Director: Lee Eung-Bok, Baek Sang-Hoon, Yoo Jong-Sun Writer: Kim Eun-Sook, Kim Won-Suk Network: KBS2 Episodes: 16 Release Date: February 24 - April 14, 2016 Runtime: Weds. The House of Yi, also called the Korean Imperial Household or Jeonju Yi clan, was the household of Joseon and the Korean Empire, consisting of the descendants of Yi Seonggye, the founder of Joseon, known by his posthumous name, Taejo ("highest ancestor"). Sally is a prolific non-fiction and fiction writer, who has appeared in multiple print and digital publications. Her husband, King Kojong, remained on the throne until 1907, when he was forced to cede it to his son. Choson dynasty | Definition, History, Achievements, & Facts Rajkumar Ajit Narayan Singha, a well-known writer and direct descendant of the last of the independent Ahom king Purandhar Singha, breathed his last at his son's residence at the SK Bhuyan Road in Guwahati at about 8.30 pm on Sunday. In 1998, it was reported that Prince Gang's eighth son died alone in a social center in eastern Seoul. Those who ascended to the throne were excluded in the list for simplification. Family tree of Korean monarchs The 11th Article didn't acknowledge the royal family or any form of privileged caste. Former South Korean president Kim Dae-jung and former prime minister Kim Jong-pil claim their ancestry to the Karak dynasty. 9 Common Signs a Guy Likes You As More Than a Friend. The treaty that annexed the royal family into the Japanese government was made null and void in 1945 when Japan surrendered to the United States marking an end to the Pacific Theater of World War II. In honor of this, we've compiled some of the history of Joseon to help you learn about Korea's last dynasty. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Emperor Sunjong (1874-1926), whose mother was the assassinated Queen Min, was the last Korean Emperor. This belief comes from several historical Korean stories, which tell the story of an Indian princess - Suriratna - who married a South Korean king and started a dynasty. This page uses content from the English language. Yi Ha-Eung, King Heungseon of the Jeonju Yi clan, Internal Princess Consort Hanchang of the Hansan Yi clan, Empress Sunmyeong of the Yeoheung Min clan, Yun Jeung-sun, Empress Sunjeong of the Haepyeong Yun clan, Empress Myeongseong of the Yeoheung Min Clan, removing excessive or indiscriminate images, Learn how and when to remove this template message, " , ", "The Academy of Korean Studies(): (Sunjong)", "::: Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream:::", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunjong_of_Korea&oldid=1160404897, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use of the tablewidth parameter in Infobox Korean name, Use of the fontcolor parameter in Infobox Korean name, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Position abolished, Korea annexed by Japan, Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather, Yi Hyeok, Prince Uiwon ( , ) (13 June 1661 12 November 1722), Adoptive-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather: Yi Hwan, Prince Yangwon ( , ) (April 1658 March 1724), Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother, Princess Consort Kwon of the Andong Kwon clan ( ) (27 August 1664 7 April 1735), Adoptive-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother: Princess Consort Min of the Yeoheung Min clan ( ), Yi Suk, Prince Anheung ( , ) (9 October 1693 7 April 1768), Yi Jin-ik (, ) (25 September 1728 26 April 1796), Lady Jo of the Hanyang Jo clan (: ); ( ) daughter of Jo Do-gyeon (, ), Yi Byeong-won (6 April 1752 11 November 1822) (, ), Adoptive-Great-Great-Grandfather: Yi Jin, Prince Eunsin ( , ) (11 January 1755 29 March 1771), Lady Jeong of the Yeonil Jeong clan (: ); ( ) daughter of Jeong Eui-hwan (, ), Adoptive-Great-Great-Grandmother: Princess Consort Namyang of the, Yi Gu, Prince Namyeon (22 August 1788 19 March 1836) ( , ), Princess Consort Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (26 June 1788 1831) ( , ), Older half-brother: Yi Seon, Prince Wanhwa (16 April 1868 12 January 1880) ( ), Unnamed older brother (born 4 November 1871 8 November 1871), Unnamed older sister (13 February 1873 28 September 1873), Unnamed younger brother (born 5 April 1875 18 April 1875), Unnamed younger brother (born 18 February 1878 5 June 1878), Younger half-brother: Prince Yi Yuk (3 July 1914 22 January 1915) (), Younger half-brother: Prince Yi U (20 August 1915 25 July 1916) (), Adoptive son: Prince Yi Jin (, ) (18 August 1921 - 11 May 1922), Korean Colonization Decoration - 1 August 1912, Portrayed by Ahn Sang-woo in the 2016 period drama film, Kim-ssi, Duchess consort of Yi Jun (1912), This page was last edited on 16 June 2023, at 08:28. Here is some information (gleaned from Wikipedia) on the current status of the Joseon (Yi) Dynasty of Korea.Emperor Gojong (1852-1919) was the 26th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty. However, the current Crown Prince Andrew Lee is a Korean-American who lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. Was made the heir and adoptive son. Familypedia is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. His pitting of the two countries against each other ended in the Russo-Japanese War (1904 to 1905) with Japan being the victor. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Choson-dynasty, Asia Society - Korea - The History of Korean Beauty Part 3: Joseon Dynasty, World History Encyclopedia - Early Joseon Period, Columbia University - Asia for Educators - Korea: The Choson (Yi) Dynasty (1392-1910). Even a $1 contribution goes a long way. Joseon Dynasty - New World Encyclopedia Read about our approach to external linking. Goryeo itself was the result of an overthrow of one of the warlord states that emerged in Silla's decline, Taebong. The history of the last ruling king is dramatic and reveals how Japan gained full control over Korea. The founder of many startups, the American tech and software developer founded a VPN service Private Internet Access in 2010. Rhee seized and nationalized most of the family's properties. Since Emperor Sunjong died without issue, his younger brother, Prince Eun became the crown prince. More than likely, direct descent from all of Korea's dynasties has survived to the present day. Yu-Mei Balasingamchow; Simon Richmond; Cesar G Soriano; Rob Whyte (1 May 2010). Looking for a low-key way to spend date night when one or both partners are introverts? Ryan General is a Senior Reporter for NextShark. Japanese influence in the area became predominant, especially after the Japanese victory in wars with China (the Sino-Japanese War, 189495) and Russia (the Russo-Japanese War, 190405). Plan a dream date with your person at one of the most romantic places you can go - the beach! [13], Emperor Gojong and the Crown Prince Sunjong, Sunjong wearing Court uniform and dress of the Korean Empire, Sunjong wearing Court uniform and dress of Korean Empire, Japanese honors and Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum. Kojong, original name Yi H'ui, (born Sept. 8, 1852, Seoul, Korea [now in South Korea]died Jan. 21, 1919, Seoul), 26th monarch of the Chosn (Yi) dynasty and the last to effectively rule Korea.. Kojong became king of Korea while still a young boy. On November 26, the last princess of Korea a Caucasian woman originally from the U.S. died at the age of 94 in Hawaii. This treaty allowed the Japanese government to supervise and intervene in the administration and governance of Korea, which also allowed for the appointment of Japanese ministers within the government. Yi Won has 2 sons, who were born in the 1990s.The fourth son Yi Seok (born 1941), who lives in South Korea, has also occasionally in the past put forward a claim to the vacant throne, and has given interviews to the media. The Treaty of Kanghwa (1876), concluded at the insistence of Japan, defined Korea as an independent state and led to the establishment of diplomatic relations with not only Japan but also China. As part of her visit from 4 to 7 November, the first lady will attend a ceremony that marks a start on the upgrade of the monument - a joint project between South Korea and India. However, they could only stay at Nakseon Hall, a small residence in a corner of Changdeokgung in Seoul. List of fictional monarchs of Korean genealogies, List of fictitious kings in Korean genealogies, "Cheongju Han-ssi-ui yeonwon-gwa sijo jeonseung", "Cheongju Han-ssi Gija huye-seol jae-geomto", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_fictitious_kings_in_Korean_genealogies&oldid=1142870008, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 20:12. Korea's Last Princess, an American Woman, Dies at 94 - NextShark Then in 2001, more than 100 historians and government representatives, including the North Korean ambassador to India, unveiled Queen Hwang-ok's memorial on the west bank of the River Saryu in Ayodhya. In 1910 Japan formally annexed Korea, bringing the Chosn dynasty to an end. In July 1907, he was proclaimed emperor of Korea but was immediately forced to enter into the JapanKorea Treaty of 1907 (Korean:, 7; Hanja:, ). Those who were listed were not reigning monarchs but posthumously recognized; the year following means the year of recognition. Hence, Sunjong has been characterized by historians as being a powerless puppet emperor of the Japanese, reigning just over three years until Korea was officially annexed in 1910. [7], Sunjong died on 24 April 1926, in Changdeokgung and is buried with his two wives at the imperial tomb of Yureung (, ) in the city of Nanysh. In an effort to solve administrative problems, a school of learning called Silhak, or Practical Learning, arose. All About Korea's Imperial Family The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Founding The ruling houses of both of those kingdoms were known as Kim. [3] Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century sources also report that the descent group had been founded either by Han Ran(,), a tenth-century general in the service of Taejo of Goryeo, or by Han Gang(,), a thirteenth-century minister in the government of Gojong of Goryeo. The region around Seoul and Gyeonggi Province was part of all three major pre-unification kingdoms. However, It was assassinated by Ahn Jung-geun at Harbin, which led to the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910. House of Yi The House of Yi, also called the Yi dynasty (also transcribed as the Lee dynasty ), was the royal family of the Joseon dynasty and later the imperial family of the Korean Empire, descended from the Joseon founder Yi Seong-gye. King Gojong assumed the title of Emperor in order to assert Korea's independence by putting himself on the same level as the Chinese Emperors. When Japan learned of King Gojong's representatives' warnings to the world, Japan forced King Gojong to abdicate his throne to his second-born son, Sunjong. Emperor Gojong had nine sons and four daughters, but only three princes, as well as one princess: the second son, Crown Prince Cheok; the sixth son, Yi Kang, and the seventh son, Yi Un. I am a Korean-American. My story is a very tragic and sad one, however I hope to end it on a positive note. This is a subject of much controversy in modern historiography.Goguryeo (37 BC - 668)The first of the Three Kingdoms to be founded, Goguryeo was ruled by the Go clan (the Chinese character "Gao" or "high"). Titularly reigning since the death of her predecessor, Yi Gu, Prince Hoeun, on 16 July 2005, Princess Haeweon was enthroned as symbolic monarch of Korea on 29 September 2006 by the Korean Imperial Family Association, organized by about a dozen descendants of Joseon Dynasty. Kim is a common surname in Korea and King Kim Suro is considered to be the father of the Kim clan which is based in Gimhae. Sunjong of Korea Biography - Last Emperor of Korea | Pantheon Read about our approach to external linking. She is the heir to the Song Family and to Eumseong. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. After defeating the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), however, Japan formally annexed the Korean Peninsula as a colony in 1910. 25 Fun & Romantic Beach Date Ideas You'll Both Love. King Gojong attempted to appease both Russia and Japan in their bid for Korea. Family tree of the monarchs of the Korean Silla kingdom, Taejong was the first reigning Joseon king to be recognized by the, Unlike other Joseon monarchs, who could receive a. Sunjong abdicated in 1910 and became "King Yi" at the same time. Emperor Gojong's sixth son, Prince Gang, fathered 13 sons and 9 daughters by 14 women. Yi Chung (born 1936) is the genealogical male-line heir of Emperor Gojong. Gojong of Korea An agreement was signed to develop Ayodhya and Gimhae as sister cities in 2000. On 1991, after the death of his mother, Prince Chung returned his ancestral home of Unhyeongung to the Seoul city government. Another member has claimed to have visited the United States, and have attended College in Irvine, California. She later died at the age of 31 on 5 November 1904 due to the severe depression, after trying to protect her mother-in-law (Empress Myeongseong, also a member of the Yeoheung Min clan) from her assassination on 8 October 1895 by the Japanese military. You don't need a rulebook on love when you've got these signs to look out for. The modern Korean language, its dialects, and Koreas majority ethnic group, which refer to themselves as the Joseon people, derived from the culture and traditions of the Joseon dynasty. Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince News provided by The Imperial Family of Korea Oct 16, 2018, 16:50 ET LOS ANGELES, Oct. 16, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- The Imperial Family of Korea has a. Korea | History, Peninsula, Rulers, & Facts | Britannica The site of the hotel had been his birthplace 74 years prior. During the colonial rule, the members of Yi family were mediatised into the royal family (, kzoku?) The King: Eternal Monarch (TV Series 2020) - IMDb By the 12th century,de facto power passed to military strongmen, eventually Goryeo was overthrown by Yi Seong-Gye (Lee Seong Gye) who became King Taejo of Joseon. Demystify your grandparents, one question at a time. The ministers, such as Yun Geun-su, reported that it was said that the Cheongju Han and the Taewon Seonu were descended from Jizi; the king remained skeptical. Major Events: Russo-Japanese War First Sino-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Siege of Busanjin March First Movement Key People: Syngman Rhee Choson dynasty Koryo dynasty Roy Chapman Andrews Yi Sun-shin Related Topics: Korean Provisional Government Anglo-Japanese Alliance Singanhoe Related Places: North Korea South Korea Kogury Silla Paekche Gojong had several wives and concubines, and about 14 sons and daughters. Korean Kings Family Tree She has 3 sons and a daughter.Some of these individuals have Wikipedia biographies, and further information can be found in the Wikipedia articles 'Joseon Dynasty' and 'House of Yi'. Can France prevent tensions igniting again? Watch Descendants of the Sun Online Directed by Lee Eung Bok, "Descendants of the Sun" is a 2016 Korean drama that proved to be hugely popular both locally and overseas. Chosns administration was modeled after the Chinese bureaucracy, and Neo-Confucianism was adopted as the ideology of the state and society. Profile. - The dashed lines denote the adoptions. He then became the the first Emperor of Korea upon his declaration of the creation of the short-lived Korean Empire. He died alone at the Akasaka Prince Hotel, the former residence of his parents in Tokyo. Like Goguryeo, its territory extended into Manchuria and when it collapsed, much of it fell to the Khitians (Liao Dynasty). Under the previous dynasties, ownership of land was concentrated in the hands of a few high-ranking bureaucrats, but Yi Sng-Gye (who ruled as King Taejo) and his successors redistributed the land throughout the various levels of officialdom, creating a new aristocracy of scholar-officials called the yangban. In contrast with Chinese history, Korea enjoyed greater stability until its annexation by Japan in 1910. Yi Seok, 77, is the nephew of King Sunjong, Koreas last monarch, and the son of Yi Kang, the fifth son of King Gojong, the 26th Joseon king, according to, Lee, a Korean American, is the founder of leading VPN service. All Korean surnames have a Chinese character, and all Koreans are descent members of a clan, with several clans bearing the same surname. Royal descent in Korea - Monarchy Forum - Website Toolbox Prof Young says the South Korean first lady's visit is yet another step towards that. The mission of the Imperial Family is to represent the Great Korean People as a symbol of love, human rights, peace, freedom and solidarity. Video, Korean reunions: Families divided by war meet in North, unveiled Queen Hwang-ok's memorial on the west bank of the River Saryu, Skip twitter post by The Office of President Moon Jae-in, Just Stop Oil deny protesting at Osborne wedding, Elton John ends farewell tour after 52 years of 'pure joy', France bans buying of fireworks for Bastille Day, BBC in touch with police over presenter allegations, Mexican journalist's body found in Nayarit. Stories on the internet say that some people from Gimhae refer to this legend "like a family joke" especially if they have darker skin, attributing it to their "ancestor who may or may not have come from India". All rights reserved. Hello I was wondering if anyone could help me go through my Korean Family history? The last ruling King of Korea was King Gojong (Kojong), the 26th monarch of the Joseon (Choson) Dynasty. The second son, Cheok, became Emperor Sunjong, the last monarch of the Korean Empire. The modern Korean royal family doesn't hold any political power, but with the Crown Prince's proposed goals, the country may advance in technology development. "While traditionally children in Korea take their father's surname, the queen is said to have been sad that her children could not bear her surname," says Minji Lee of the BBC Korean Service. [3] Both the fleets of China and Russia had given Korea sufficient protection to prevent a direct invasion, but this ambuscade of the Russian fleet gave Japan free rein over north China, and Korea was left at the mercy of the new regional naval power Japan. By the 9th to 4th century BC, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom. According to the prince's 11th son, Yi Seok, his mother, Hong Chongsun, was forced to sell noodles as a street vendor to make a living. [11], After the annexation treaty, the former Emperor Sunjong and his wife, Empress Sunjeong, lived the rest of their lives virtually imprisoned in Changdeokgung Palace in Keij. He had no children. She was married to Gojong, the first ruler of the Korean Empire. Many people might not know this, but NextShark is a small media startup that runs on no outside funding or loans, and with no paywalls or subscription fees, we rely on help from our community and readers like you. [2], - The dashed lines denote the adoptions. At present, there is no official recognition title conferred to the head of Korean Imperial Household by the Korean republican government. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor. Furthermore, the unification of Korea was only fully realised under the Goryeo Dynasty and its successor Joseon, with contemporary regional divisions in Korea reflecting these. Admin March 12, 2021 Tips and tricks Table of Contents 1 Who is the last king of Korea in real life?
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